75. Codd, H. Jan. 7.

Blowing and moulding bottles. — Relates to apparatus for forming the ring upon the top of the neck, before removing the bottle from the mould. The mould a is formed in two parts hinged at a¹, one part being secured to a table b mounted on a vertical axis c, which can be rotated by bevel friction gearing d when a catch e is released. A spring stop o keeps the mould closed. The neck is formed in a mould made in two parts f, g, each capable of sliding along an arm h, mounted on a boss which can rotate, and also slide vertically on an axis k. Jointed to this boss is an arm l carrying projections m, which pass between pins on the parts f, g. By raising or lowering the arm l the parts f and g approach or recede from each other. When the neck is to be formed the blowpipe is nearly withdrawn from the mould a, the parts m are turned aside, the neck mould f, g is lowered, and the catch e is released to allow the mould a to rotate and draw in molten glass from the end of the rod applied by the workman to form the neck. The mould which shapes the head is held clear of the bottle when not in use, by means of a cord. In a modification, the mould is mounted on a horizontal axis, but can be turned into a vertical position while the bottle is being blown. The neck mould is carried by a horizontal slide. The mould may form a groove around the interior of the head, but when making bottles with­out a groove the head mould may be formed like the tongs generally used for shaping the bottle head. The apparatus is specially applicable to making large-necked bottles such as pickle jars, acid bottles, &c. According to the Provisional Specification, instruments for shaping any part of the interior of the bottle may be introduced through the neck before shaping or moulding the head.

132. Whipp, J., and Mellor, W. W. Jan. 13.

Cutting glass. — A glasscutting instrument consists of a hardened steel wheel b which revolves freely on the pin c and mounted on a handle. The two sides forming the cutting edge meet at a right-angle, or nearly so, and the wheel is ground, after being fixed in position, by allowing one side to lie flat on the "hone" and moving the handle backwards and forwards. The wheel is reversed to grind the other side. The tool is provided with notches for breaking off the glass after being cut.

223. Redgrave, J., and Wright, D. Jan. 18.

Moulding. — In making moulded glass vessels or other hollow articles, in which holes are required for the insertion of taps, stoppers, or other attachments, such holes are left in the article at the time they are moulded, and an increased thickness a is formed round the holes in the interior of the article. The inner ends of the holes may be closed by a thickness of glass when moulded, which can be readily removed afterwards to complete the hole. The holes may be formed with screw-threads to receive screw attachments. The invention may be applied to glass barrels, filters, lamp and other vases, ink holders with two or more compartments, jugs, tankards, cups, hollow globes for forming ornaments, chandelier and lamp bodies, knife, door, tea-kettle, beer-machine, and other handles, and other hollow glass vessels or fittings. Glass taps, pipes, or stoppers may be formed in a like manner for the insertion of a plug of glass or other material with or without washers.

328. Smith, T. J., [Du Motay, C. M. T.]. Jan. 28. [Provisional protection only.]

Materials. — Pure barium carbonate may be used, instead of oxide of lead, for making crystal.

676. Richardson, J. T. H. Feb. 22.

Blowing; moulding. — Relates to the manufacture of tumblers, goblets, and other glass articles. The glass is blown on a tube J which is then placed on guides I on the frame G, and moved slowly downwards to bring the bubble into a "rubber," formed with a base A fixed to a shaft D, and with fixed or movable bars B united by a rim C. The shaft D is then caused to rotate by sharply pulling a cord or strap K coiled upon it. A flywheel H mounted on the shaft serves, by its impetus, to re-wind the cord K. The bars of the rubber are made of graphite, carbon, &c. and may be straight, spiral, &c. in shape provided that in revolving they describe the contour of the vessel to be formed. The shaft may be horizontal or inclined and the apparatus is mounted on wheels to facilitate removal. Motion may be given to the rubber by any suitable means.

1341. Billups, J. E., and Lee, E. P. April 12.

Ornamenting. — A permanent picture is produced on glass by transferring a photograph to it, or producing a photographic transparency on it, and then firing, so as to burn it in. The photograph may be coloured by applying vitrifiable colours and fixing them by firing.

1461. Haggett, W. April 23. Drawings to Specification.

Moulding; ornamenting. — Wine and other bottles, fountains, fish globes, ferneries, &c. are produced with corrugations or undulations to increase their strength. The glass is blown in a mould made of brass &c, in sections. Corrugated sheets are mounted together, with gold, silver, &c. on or between them, to form tiles for floors, walls, ceilings, &c. They may be made with small undulations to represent tapestry or with larger undulations, radial or otherwise, to form reflectors &c.

2116. Robbins, E. June 16.

Translucent materials. — Cements &c. formed by combining calcareous and argillaceous materials with “every description of material animal, vegetable, or mineral,” may be rendered translucent by impregnation with oils, gums, silicates, &c.

2275. Whipp, J., and Mellor, W. W. July 1.

Cutting glass. — For cutting sheet glass, a steel wheel c, Fig. 2, is mounted, free to turn on a pivot, in the lower end of a frame a, one end of the pivot being secured to the fixed part b of the frame, the other fitting into a hole in the removable part b¹ which is secured to the part b by a screw d. The upper end of the frame a is formed with a pivot e, on which a wheel may be mounted for grinding. A cap f forms a receptacle for spare wheels. For cutting glass tubes, or cylinders, a pair of jaws a, Fig. 4, mounted on a pin b press the cutting-wheel c against the glass d which is rotated. For cutting circular sheets, or glass shades, the wheel is mounted on an horizontal arm, which can be rotated, by means of a handle, over a fixed or rotating plate of glass placed on a circular plate mounted on a pivot on the frame. The wheel is made as described in Specification No. 132, A.D. 1873.

2514. Bacon, E. July 23. [Provisional protection only.]

Blowing and moulding bottles. — Bottles for storing port and other wines are roughened inside to prevent detachment of the sediment when the bottles are moved. While the bottle is being blown, sand or other granular substance is blown into it from a box through a tap connected to the blow-pipe. By opening the tap, the sand may be admitted to the bottles so that it adheres to the sides.

3025. Greener, H. Sept. 15. [Provisional protection only.]

Moulding. — Bottles, jugs, or decanters, which it is desired to form with a globular body, are cast in two parts, the neck and upper part of the body in one mould and the remainder in another mould. The moulds are formed so as to produce patterns having the appearance of hand cutting. The two parts having been cast and pressed in the moulds, are fitted together and heated sufficiently to soften the glass; the joint is then rubbed down and a complete union effected.

3075. Holyoake, W. R. Sept. 19. [Provisional protection not allowed.]

Transparencies; transparent materials. — Transparencies are fixed to lamps, windows, &c. for advertising purposes, &c. by means of a wire bar, having pointed ends, and a socket screw or spring at the centre, which allows the bar to be lengthened or shortened for disconnecting the transparency. The transparency may constitute the whole or part of the lamp and may be secured by sliding hooks attached to the wire bar. The trans­parencies consist of printed or other designs upon glass or other transparent material, which may be treated, to render it more transparent, with a solution of Canada balsam and turpentine, and is afterwards cut to size, laid upon a clean surface, and rubbed over with a warm solution of size, isinglass, or other colourless glutinuous medium. It is then placed upon a clean warm transparent piece of glass and rubbed down with cotton wool, a second clean warm piece of glass being placed upon it and the two glasses cemented together and bound round with japanned leather or varnished calico, to protect them.

3250. Holyoake, W. R. Oct. 7. Drawings to Specification.

Transparencies; transparent materials. — Relates to transparent devices or designs to be viewed by the passage of natural or artificial light, for use in naming streets or railway stations, or for advertising, exhibiting mottoes, or other purposes. The designs &c. are printed, painted, or otherwise prepared upon tracing-paper, transparent cloth, or other medium, and if this is not sufficiently transparent it may be treated with a solution of Canada balsam and turpentine and rubbed over with warm size, isinglass, &c. It is then placed between two pieces of glass or other transparent material, the whole being cemented together and bound at the edges with japanned leather, varnish, calico, &c. The transparencies may be provided with rings, slings, or loops for hanging them upon a bar which may be made extensible by screw action &c. so as to hold between the vertical frame bars of a window sash, street lamp, &c.; or in place of slings, sheet-metal or wire hooks or clips may be used.

3256. Hyatt, T. Oct. 8.

Annealing; rolling; forming articles with metal skeletons. — Relates to the application of asbestos to the manufacture of numerous articles, among which are mentioned covers for the wooden tables used in plate-glass works for receiving the red-hot plate from the rolling-table and conveying it to the annealing-oven. Fine wire is wound with asbestos or coated with asbestos strips, pulp, or dough, or is otherwise covered with asbestos, and the thread thus produced is woven or plaited, &c. into a fabric. Or asbestos flock, alone or with other fibres, is felted upon a perforated, wire-netting, or sheet-metal foundation ; or asbestos pulp or dough, which may be mixed with other materials, is consolidated upon a wire-netting &c. foundation. The fabrics or sheets thus produced are used for making the various articles. In the form of lace or netting, the covered wire may be incorporated with glass, to ornament and strengthen it and render it fire-resistant.

3359. James, L. Oct. 17.

Transparencies. — Seaweed, after being washed and bleached, is dyed or otherwise ornamented, made thin by pressure, and fastened to glass &c. to form transparencies.

3684. Hyatt, T. Nov. 12.

Rolling; pressing; moulding. — Asbestos is applied for overlaying the large tables on which plate glass is cast. Asbestos is also applied to the construction of moulds for making pressed glass, the asbestos forming either a lining or the mould bodily, being supported on a metallic core.

3750. Britten, B. Nov. 19.

Materials; obtaining metal. — Relates to the manufacture of glass for bottles, slabs, sheets, tiles, utensils, &c, from slag. The slag from the smelting of iron or other ores is mixed, in the fused condition, with sand, cullet, soda, potash, or metallic oxides, the proportions varying with the quality and colour of the glass required. To remove carbonaceous and other impurities arsenic or mineral oxide may be employed and lead oxide, zinc oxide, or barium oxide is used to facilitate the manipulation. Sodium sulphate mixed with ground coke or charcoal may also be added. The materials may be introduced in the form of powder, or in the fused state, and the molten mass is either further heated in a stationary furnace, or run into vessels which may be lined with non-conducting materials, provided with furnaces, and mounted on wheels for conveying the metal to the glass works.

3994. Ramsey, W. Dec. 4.

Cutting glass.— In a glass-cutting tool, a small flat-faced bearing-wheel or roller c is fitted to the stock a, in addition to the diamond or cutting-wheel b, in order to ensure equal bearing thereon.

4012. Clark, A. M., [Argy, E. A. G. d'.]. Dec. 5. [Provisional protection only.]

Translucent materials; transparencies. — Parchment on which suitable designs have been painted, lithographed, chromo-lithographed, photographed, or transferred, or which has been uniformly tinted or stained is rendered translucent by the application of one or more coats of transparent waterproof varnish or composition.

4195. Gedge, W. E., [Laujorrois, P. I.]. Dec. 20. [Provisional protection only.]

Transparencies. — A design is traced on the surface of glass with gelatinized lamp-black, dried in the open air, and filled in by means of brushes with various coloured solutions of gelatine. When this coating is dry, a coat of oil, collodion or other varnish is laid on. A plain sheet of glass may be placed over the painted glass. The coloured glass may be employed for church windows, shop signs, and other purposes.

4213. Defries, H., [Schulzer & Co., O.]. Dec. 23.

Blowing; moulding. — Glass chimneys for lighthouse lamps are made by blowing, and during this process the chimneys are enclosed in moulds and turned round continuously until properly made and cool.

Bottle necks, making. — For making necks with V-shaped or other internal grooves or forms, such as those indicated in Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, the tongs are provided with two movable teeth or dogs I, Figs. 2 and 3, which are completely pro­truded from the central plug F before the dies B have completed their inward movement. For this purpose the teeth I have pins to work in slots in a blade H, which carries a block J with a wedge-shaped end to enter between the teeth and is mounted upon a sliding-piece K on the central stem C. This sliding-piece has slotted arms to engage with pins L on the spring arms A, so that, when the arms are pressed together, the teeth are caused to project, and the block then merely slides between them as the closing of the tongs continues. The plug F and swiller E are in two parts held together by screws G.