19, Biddell, W. A., and Redgrave, J. Jan. 4.
[Letters Patent void for want of Final Specification.]

Ornamenting. — Consists, firstly, in forming or ornamenting chandeliers, lamps, lustres, and other articles by attaching, by fusion or otherwise, ornamental devices of pressed glass, which may be plain, coloured, or inlaid, the interior of the glass being coloured or inlaid after being taken from the moulds; secondly, in ornamenting the articles by gilding, painting, staining, or colouring the interior of the glass, and fixing the colours by burning; and, thirdly, in uniting pressed glass to clays, cements, and the like, by inlaying, fusing, and cementing after formation and colouring.

41. Robbins, E. Jan. 6.

Ornamenting. — Sheet or powdered glass is applied to a design formed in coloured powders on a table or flat surface. Or the designs are applied directly to the glass. A second sheet, or more powdered glass, is next applied to the first, and the whole is united by heat, so as to enclose the design between two sheets of glass.

393. Rees, G. Feb. 9. [Provisional protection only.]

Ornamenting. — An adhesive liquid is applied to the glass or glazed ware to be ornamented, and pounded glass is sifted over the surface. The article is then heated in a furnace sufficiently to vitrify the pounded glass, and cause it to run and intermix with the surface of the article. A pattern is produced by applying pounded glass of different colours to different portions of the surface and vitrifying the whole.

576. Rees, G. Feb. 24.

Ornamenting. — Glass articles are ornamented by vitrifying pounded glass upon the surface, and ornaments are made by cementing together fragments of plain or coloured glass, glazed ware, &c. with pounded glass vitrified on to and among the fragments. In the first case, an adhesive liquid is applied to the article, and pounded glass is sifted over the surface. The article is then heated in a furnace sufficiently to vitrify the pounded glass and cause it to form a rough or smooth face, as may be required. A pattern is produced by applying pounded glass of different colours to different portions of the surface, and vitrifying the whole. In carrying out the second process, fragments of glass, or other pieces, such as bars or scrolls of metal, are arranged in a pattern on a tray, plate or paper, or in a metal mould or frame; pounded glass is then spread over the pieces, and the mass is vitrified in a furnace.

599. Richardson, J. T. H. Feb. 26.

Finishing; cutting glass. — The edges of goblets, tumblers, and wine, lamp, or similar glasses are cut by a diamond fixed in the end of a curved lever j and pressed against the inside of the glass by a spring. The lever is secured to a standard g, the base of which is furnished with castors so that it may be moved on a vertically-adjustable platform c. At the top of the standard on a level with the diamond are two small horizontal wheels, which revolve on the outer surface of the glass. The foot of the glass is gripped between a ring on the lower end of a hollow screw f and another on an internal rod which is pressed upwards by a spring. For tumblers and the like a special holder is provided, consisting of a circular spring clip, which may be attached to the apparatus. For thicker glass, a jet or jets of cold air or inflammable gas may be used to complete the operation.

1495. Wilkinson, W., and Boss, M. May 15.

Ornamenting; moulding; rolling. — The moulds and dies or rollers employed for stamping and moulding or blowing glass plates and other articles are made of metal and formed with figured surfaces to produce ornamental designs. The dies may be actuated by a screw or lever. The moulds, dies, or rollers are cast in moulds made of clay, plaster of Paris, &c. in which the designs have been impressed from lace or other openwork fabrics or from perforated or engraved plates. The Figure shows the construction of a casting-bed for making ornamental sheets of glass. The mould B in which the design is formed can be moved horizontally in guides by means of a rack and pinion D, E. The molten glass is delivered in front of a knife or spreader C, the height of which can be adjusted by a screw G. The spreader lays the glass evenly while the mould moves under it. A figured roller may be placed near the spreader, to ornament the upper surface of the glass plate. To cool the spreader, it may be made hollow, and water may be circulated through it. The part of the frame above the movable mould is covered to prevent too rapid cooling of the glass. The ends of the mould are hinged so that they can be turned down to remove the glass sheet.

Transparencies. — Coloured glass plates suitable for church windows, panels, &c. are made by transferring designs to sheets of plain glass; the sheet is first coated with adhesive, and the transfer paper on which the design is printed in enamel, metallic, or other colours is varnished and rubbed or pressed on the sheet. After drying, the paper is damped and removed. The sheet may be enamelled before or after the transfer process.

1612. Benson, M., [Beales, J., Davis, W. T., and Wolf, A. de]. May 26.

Cutting glass. — In a rotary-disc cutting-tool for glass, the cutter consists of a hardened metal spindle A supported so as to be free to revolve on its axis, and formed with a disc C, the edge of which is pressed against the glass. The diameter of the disc is preferably about one-twentieth of an inch, and the angle of the cutting-edge 90°. The conical end of the spindle A fits into a set screw B, and, when the tool is in use, the spindle presses against the friction rollers E. Displacement of the spindle is prevented by the collar J and by a staple I screwed to the frame F. The collar may be arranged to slip, in order to allow the adjustment of the spindle by means of the screw B. For guidance in cutting, pieces K may be made to rest against the edge of a guide-piece or pattern.

1815. Dennis, L. H. June 14. [Provisional protection only.]

Cutting glass. — The cutter is a small rotating steel spindle with, at one end, a circular edge. which is held against the glass as the cutter is moved over it. The spindle is supported near the cutting-edge by antifriction rollers turning on pivots in the frame of the apparatus. The rear end of the spindle is preferably made conical, and fitted to turn in the end of an adjustable screw, and the spindle is formed with a collar which runs in a staple fixed to the frame, and which, with the screw, prevents endwise displacement of the spindle. The block or frame is provided in front with a straight edge to be placed against a guide or rule, and it is preferably constructed with an arm at the rear to carry the adjusting-screw.

1872. Tongue, J. G., [Chevillotte, M. P.]. June 18.

Ornamenting. — Ornamental effects are produced on glasses, shades, globes, reflectors, lamps, lamp glasses, ornaments, baskets, vases, flower stands, &c., by "granulating" or "crackling" the glass during manufacture. Opal or transparent glass is blown out and plunged into cold water, after which it is reheated, blown again, and worked into the desired shape. In forming a globe or the like, more marked differences of transparency may be produced by using transparent glass with an external layer of opal glass. For combined opalescent and coloured effects, a thin coloured glass cup is blown, and opal glass is introduced into it; the whole is then re-heated, crackled, and blown, and the opal glass is thus exposed to view. In another method, hot opal glass is coated with coloured glass powder, heated, and plunged into water. In another process, opal glass is crackled, blown, and introduced into a thin cup of opal glass, to which it is then united by fusion; or transparent glass coated with pulverized coloured glass and crackled, may be used in the process. In order to produce regular designs, the glass is blown in a metal mould with ribs or other projecting surfaces, as shown in Fig. H. On reheating the moulded piece, and placing it in water, the parts which have been cooled by contact with the ribs crackle more readily than the other portions, and a design such as that shown in Fig. I is obtained.

2004. Biddell, W. A., and Redgrave, J. July 2.

Ornamenting. — An ornamental glass is obtained by pressing plain or coloured glass into shape by moulds or dies and then applying colours, enamels, oxides, metals, &c., to the inside surface of the shaped glass. Transparent colours &c, or opaque substances, such as cement or clay, may be used for the backing-material. An effect either of engraving or in outline is obtained by using moulds and dies with raised lines. The interstices of the glass are then coloured, and the surface is coloured for vitrification &c., or left plain to be roughened or overlaid with metals. The backing-materials may be fixed by heating, burning, or fusing them. Objects may be made in parts afterwards united by fusion or by blowpipe and flux, cement, clay, &c. being filled into the interior before or after union. This cement &c. may also serve to unite the parts. Glass made as described above may be used for chandeliers, lamps, lustres, panels in stoves, épergnes, inkstands, brackets, pedestals, name plates, finger plates, door and other knobs, chimney pieces, &c.; also for ornamenting buildings in the form of busts, slabs, statues, medallions, and panels, and for fountains and monumental purposes, and combined with bedsteads, furniture, &c. Bricks, slabs, and blocks are moulded with recesses into which this ornamented glass is inserted and secured by vitrification or cement.

2182. Fondu, J. B. July 19.

Blowing. — The melted glass is held in a sloping hollow in a block of metal C. This block has a very thick bottom, and is mounted in bearings M over a receptacle A containing beer or greasy water. By moving a counterbalanced lever D, the block is dipped into and then raised from the contents of the receptacle A, after every operation. A peg G, fitting into holes in a piece F, determines the slope of the block. The interior concave surface of the block is lined with a layer O of a special compound of charcoal, pitch, and incense, ground and made into a paste with beer. This compound, and the arrangement for immersion, may also be applied to wooden blocks, while the compound may be used with the wooden or metal polisher used in the "expansion process."

3355. Lynch, T. F. Nov. 20.
[Letters Patent void for want of Final Specification.]

Blowing and moulding bottles. — A bottle for containing poisons &c. has a number of suitably-shaped projections arranged in rows or otherwise so that, on grasping it, a person will know that the contents are of a dangerous character. The bottle may be blown in a mould shaped to form the projections; or the bottle may first be made plain, and the projections then blown upon it.

3515. Brookes, W., [Woodward, D. A.]. Dec. 4.
[Complete Specification but no Letters Patent]

Moulding glass shells for lenses and reflectors. Relates to the construction of fluid lenses, and of the surfaces for carrying the silver of reflectors. The pieces of glass are bent to any required curvature or form from circular discs, which are placed on moulds of soapstone and then heated, when the glass will conform itself to the mould by reason of its own weight.

3549. Stevens, B. F., [Hyatt, T.]. Dec. 8.

Rolling; moulding; annealing. — Relates to the manufacture of curved or corrugated &c. sheets of glass, and to the formation of vault and floor lights, cruet stoppers, saucers, &c. The glass is fed on to a table B mounted on rollers a in a frame A and caused to slide by a pinion F engaging a rack b on the table, and is carried under a roller C formed with a corrugated or other surface according to the article required corresponding with similar corrugations on the table B. By this arrangement the glass is moulded to the form desired, the articles formed being separated from each other, when necessary, during the rolling. To produce curved sheets, the cylinder and table may be curved transversely or longitudinally; or the sheets, after rolling, may be slid on to a heated and curved form; or the bottom of the annealing-oven may be similarly curved.

3647. Stocker, A. R. Dec. 17.

Moulding. — Glass stoppers for infants' feeding-bottles and other bottles are moulded in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1. The matrix C, divided along a vertical plane into two parts which are hinged together, is held between plates A, B, which are hinged together at a and secured by a fastening F. The molten glass &c. is poured into the recess f in the matrix, and the plunger D is forced in by means of a lever E. A core to form a hollow in the stopper may be fixed in the mould by means of a pin l fitted into a hole in the plate A. Union pieces for connecting the nipple and tube of a feeding-bottle may be made in the same way.

3725. Clark, A. M., [Teissonnière, A.]. Dec. 23.
[Provisional protection only.]

Transparent and translucent materials. — Relates to the production of materials for window curtains and blinds, and consists in superposing muslin, gauze, tulle, guipure, and similar materials on and uniting them to oiled materials, such as gauze, taffetas, cambric, jaconet, &c., of transparent quality, which are then printed in colours to resemble stained glass &c. when viewed as a transparent medium. The superposed fabric may be plain, figured, or embroidered. The diaphanous materials may be printed in black or other opaque colours to form lines resembling lead framing, or they may be printed or dyed in opaque or translucid colours with landscape or other designs by lithographic, photographic, &c. processes, or by the modes of transfer used in colour printing. The invention further relates to a transferring process applied to the oiled fabrics. The pattern to be transferred is coated with boiled linseed oil, or printer's mordant, diluted with spirits of turpentine. The pattern is then applied on the oiled fabric and caused to adhere by pressure. The back of the proof is then damped and removed, leaving the impression on the fabric, which is then washed and allowed to dry. The fabric is then heated and exposed to the air. A thin coating of the mordant is then applied, and the fabric is heated and dried a second time. The pattern thus obtained is heightened in effect by the application of transparent colours, lacs, or tinctorial products dissolved or ground in spirits of turpentine, alcohols, oils, varnishes, boiled oil, printer's mordants, or essential oils; after applying one or more of these varnishes or lacquers, a coating of turpentine varnish is applied. Lacs ground in essence of turpentine and varnish may also be used, although aniline colours are preferable. In preparing the aniline colours and tinctorial products derived therefrom, the coloured varnish is dissolved more or less and a quantity of white spirit varnish is added, the resulting product being transparent, mordant, and waterproof, &c. The lacquers, colours, &c. may sometimes be mixed with inert matters, such as chalk, kaolin, and the like. In some cases the "paniconographic" or helio-graphic processes, or stencilling may be employed, and bronze or white powders are sometimes applied. Unsized paper may sometimes be used in place of the oiled fabric. The Specification also states that embroidered tulle on which muslin is applied is illuminated by incorporating therewith a suitable gummy solution, more particularly gelatine and fish glue, and then applying thereon either the coloured varnishes or tinctorial products before mentioned, so as to form multicoloured diaphanous surfaces surrounded by the embroidered designs serving to secure the muslin to the tulle.

3777. Richardson, W. H. Dec. 31.

Forming graduations. — For indicating standard measures on glass tumblers, bottles, jugs, and the like, one or more holes c are drilled into the vessel at the right height, and a piece of metal or other material a with the stamp upon it is inserted and fixed by soldering or otherwise securing studs formed on its inner side. The holes may be only partially drilled through the glass, and the studs may be fixed with cement; or, instead of a stud, fused metal may be poured in. The stamp may also be fixed to a ring or wire placed in an annular groove b on the neck at the proper height. The vessel may also be made of the exact dimensions, and the stamp placed on a ring fixed round the top.