241. Sanders, J. C. Jan. 23.

Moulding; ornamenting. — Relates to the manufacture and ornamentation of glass knobs for doors, shutters, and bells. Into a metal or other mould of the desired form is poured coloured or colourless molten glass, upon the surface of which the desired pattern is impressed by means of stamps or dies. When cold, the knob is removed from the mould, the edges are trimmed, and portions of the impressed pattern are painted in different colours.

345. Livesey, J. Jan. 31.

Transparent materials; forming articles with wire skeletons. — The meshes of wire gauze, perforated zinc, or other openwork are filled in with a transparent composition, such as copal varnish, silicates, &c., alone or in conjunction with gums or other substances not altered by atmospheric influences; or molten glass may be run or rolled into the interstices. The material may be coloured. The gauze &c. may be coated as it comes from the loom or other machine. The material is applicable for window lights, covering buildings, verandahs, lamps and ornamental transparencies, conservatories, green houses, and various horticultural and other purposes.

617. Defries, H. Feb. 25. [Provisional protection only.]

Moulding; ornamenting. — Relates to the manufacture of opal or glass lamp globes, chimneys, and shades. Pillars or curved projections formed on the globes are ornamented by making the desired device in the mould, so that the designs are produced during the manufacture of the globes either by the blowpipe or by pressing. By the same process, pillars or curved projections are applied to the chimneys and shades, and devices moulded on the pillars or upon the surfaces of plain chimneys or shades.

677. Brooman, C. E., [Lhote, J. B.]. Feb. 28.

Moulding. — Moulds for glass are made of gas carbon, either by cutting and working a mass of the material to the required shape, or by first pulverizing and then agglomerating the carbon. The pulverized material is boiled with neat's foot oil and ammonia; or it is mixed with an agglutinant, such as molasses. The paste obtained is placed in a cast-iron tube opening on a hinge, the tube is luted, and the whole is exposed to a temperature of 1470°-1830° F. Large moulds are formed by joining several pieces of the carbon by screws or otherwise. The mould shown in Fig. 1 consists of two parts A, A united by a hinge B. Handles U may be screwed directly to the carbon; or a strong piece of sheet metal may be passed round the mould. The metal may be galvanized, to prevent oxidation.

779. Langwell, W., and Spring, H. March 6.

Bottle necks, making. — The neck of the bottle H is shaped internally by a plug G on a revolving spindle B, and externally by four revolving dies M on four diagonal arms E fitted in two circular boxes D and passing through a straight surface F and terminating in T-ends in a boss C acting as a neck to the spindle. The boxes D are made to slide to open or close the arms E, the foremost box being operated by a lever K. In a modification, a spindle within a horizontal, revolving, hollow cylinder, is jointed to two arms or levers having a crank motion in the cylinder head, through the periphery of which they protrude. The dies are carried by two rocking levers operated through the arms or levers, to open or close the dies, by longitudinal movement of the spindle produced by a pivoted rod entering an annular groove therein and operated by a slide rod.

1246. Morgan, E. A. April 16. [Provisional protection only.]

Moulding; pressing. — Glass rings for ring and traveller spinning, twisting, &c. machines are made by moulding instead of blowing. The mould is in two portions, an external part and an internal one; the external part is in halves, and the internal one is solid and acts as a ram or presser. Superfluous glass is removed before or after annealing, and the upper or working surface is polished.

1564. Iles, C. May 13.

Moulding. — A mould of brass or other metal for moulding glass thimbles is made in three segments enclosed in a tube c. The glass is pressed into the mould by a plug a.

1592. Johnson, J. H., [Roussaux, J. F. A. A., and Vincent, L.]. May 15. [Provisional protection only.]

Moulding; pressing. — Relates to the manufacture of glass frames for pictures, photographs, &c. The glass is introduced in a plastic state into metal moulds, preferably made in halves hinged together, in which it is consolidated, by pressure from a piston or ram.

1854. Elsdon, R., and Stein, A. June 5.
[Provisional protection only.]

Materials; moulding. — Glass-making material, consisting of silicious material and lime or other flux, or of minerals which of themselves fuse into glass, is mixed with fuel and smelted in a blast, cupola, or other suitable furnace. Gaseous, instead of solid, fuel may be used. The melted glass is run into moulds, to produce blocks, paving-slabs, &c. A portable furnace may be used, the glass being run directly from it into trenches to form foundations for houses, or run between mould plates to form walls &c.

1920. Fleury, A. L. June 12. [Provisional protection only.]

Materials. — A soluble silicon hydrate, made by heating silica or silicious materials in presence of sulphur and decomposing the resulting sulphide of silicon by water, is used in the manufacture of glass.

1972. Clark, A. M., [Clémandot, L., and Rousseau, E.].
June 17.

Materials. — Kaolin, sand, grit, metallic oxides, and other material used for making glass are freed from iron oxides or other iron compounds by heating them to a red heat with ammonium chloride, or ammonia, or a material containing ammonia. The various vessels used are similarly treated, to free them from iron. By adopting this process of purification, soda compounds may be used instead of potash, without producing a green colour in the glass.

2259. Cowper, E. A. July 17. [Provisional protection only.]

Punching; moulding. — Glass ornaments for lace and other fabrics are formed by punching pieces of glass rounded on one side, and nearly flat on the other, from a heated sheet of glass. The flat sides are secured to the fabric by cement. The heated sheet of glass is passed between two plates or two rollers, one of which carries punches, while the other is formed with holes into which the punches force the pieces of glass, thus shaping the same. The ornaments may otherwise be formed by pressing glass into moulds.

2277. Green, T. G. July 20. [Provisional protection only.]

Materials. — Granular or talcose quartz, i.e., quartz containing steatite or talc, is used as an ingredient in making flint glass.

2862. Watts, W. T. Sept. 17.

Annealing. — In annealing raised hollow vessels to prevent flying or cracking, the article is enclosed by hoops or annular dies or by staves or wedge-like pieces hooped or otherwise secured; or it may be packed by sand &c., or plaster of Paris, or the like in a die having a tight lid; or moulds of fireclay, plumbago, &c., shaped to the vessel and formed in one or more pieces, may be held round the vessel by rings or hoops with or without packing.

3101. Archereau, H. A. Oct. 9. Drawings to Specification.

Obtaining metal. — An intense heat, for chemical, metallurgical, and other purposes, is obtained by burning a mixture of a combustible gas, such as carbonic oxide or hydrogen, and a gaseous supporter of combustion, under a high pressure. The gases may be pumped along separate pipes into a mixing-tube, and then through perforations in the base of a crucible in which they are burnt. This method may be applied for the manufacture of glass by heating in the crucible a mixture of potassium or sodium sulphate, silica, and lime. Sulphurous acid and oxygen are given off, and the residue consists of glass.

3518. Webb, T. G. Nov. 19. [Provisional protection only.]

Finishing; cutting glass. — In order to separate from blown tumblers, wine-glasses, &c. the part which was attached to the blowing-iron, the article is pressed against a revolving diamond tool, or mounted on a revolving table which is pressed against a fixed tool. Or a wire is applied to the part to be severed, and an electric current is passed through the wire to heat it and cause the separation of the part; or the article mounted on a revolving table is pressed against a heated wire. The sharp edge is melted off by heat.

3616. Webb, T. G. Nov. 27.

Finishing; cutting glass. — Relates to means for removing, from tumblers, goblets, wine-glasses, and other vessels or articles, the portions of glass which are attached to the blowing-iron. The separation is effected either by means of a diamond tool, or by a wire heated by an electric current. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, the wine-glass b, while attached to the blowing-iron a, is secured by its foot f to a stand c carrying a diamond point g. The wine-glass is then cut off by rotating the iron by hand, so that the tool presses against the glass with sufficient pressure to produce a cut. The arms d, e, carrying the foot and the tool respectively, are adjustable on the standard c. In a modification, the foot of the wine-glass is clamped centrally on a revolving table, the frame of which carries a standard with two spring diamond-holders pressing against the glass. In another form, the wine-glass is supported, foot upwards, in a spring frame known as a "gadget." The diamond is mounted on one prong of a forked piece, the other prong of which carries a roller. The glass is inserted between the diamond and roller, and by means of a screw the prongs of the fork are brought near together, so that both diamond and roller press on the glass. The forked piece is adjustably mounted on a revolving table. In a fourth form, the foot of the wine-glass is mounted in a headstock on a frame similar to a lathe bed, and the end to be cut off is held by a spring clamp. The diamond is held elastically in a slide-rest or by other means, and the wine-glass is rotated by a hand-wheel. When a heated wire is used, the wine-glass is held as described above in a revolving table, and is turned round in contact with the wire, which is of platinum &c. and extends partly round the periphery of the article. The article is generally cut cold, and the operation may be performed after it has been separated from the blowing-iron. The cut edges are afterwards glazed by heat.

Punties; moulding and pressing. — Punties and moulds or "plugs" for blowing and pressing glass are formed of or coated with gold, silver, platinum, iridium, palladium, or rhodium, or alloys thereof. The alloy known as iridio-platinum is preferably used.

3786. Prince, A., [Fleury, A. L.]. Dec. 12. [Provisional protection only.]

Materials. — Relates to the manufacture of a silicious material for various purposes. Quartz or flint is powdered and mixed with gas tar, petroleum, or other carbonaceous substance or hydrocarbon. The mixture is moulded into small balls and heated in a crucible in a current of sulphur vapour, carbon bisulphide, or sulphuretted hydrogen. Silicon sulphide is thus obtained as a greyish-white powder, which is decomposed by water, forming a solution of soluble silica and sulphuretted hydrogen. The sulphuretted hydrogen may be collected and used again, and the solution of silica may be used as a material in the manufacture of glass.