Glass Patents UK class 56 - 1866

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Category: Patents UK
Published on Friday, 16 May 2008 10:43
Written by Frank Andrews
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PATENTS FOR INVENTIONS. ABRIDGMENTS OF SPECIFICATIONS

CLASS 56, GLASS. — From Bound volume 1855-1900, printed 1905

Patents have been granted in all cases, unless otherwise stated. Drawings accompany the Specification where the abridgment is illustrated and also where the words Drawings to Specification follow the date.

{Glass-Study: Redrawn images are ©2008 F. E. Andrews. Layout ©2008 Glass-Study.com (F Andrews). All text is in the public domain. Pagination is ignored as only reference needed for citation is year and Patent Number.}

A.D. 1866.
Patent Abridgment 1866 200

200. Penney, C. G. Jan. 22. [Provisional protection only.]

Materials. — The ash resulting from the combustion of boghead, cannel, and similar coals, shale, and the like, or the constituents of this ash, after treatment with acids, or the refuse silica from china clay, or other similar material, is used for making glass.

Patent Abridgment 1866 244

244. Phillips, L. D. Jan. 24.

Moulding; attaching glass to Metal, — Buttons are moulded, and at the same time a metal eye is inserted, by the machine shown in Fig. 1. The lever C passing through a hole A1 in the table A, and operated by the foot, is pivoted at a, and has slots d, e, engaged by the ends of the levers E, F pivoted at b, c. The rod G, pivoted to the lever E, has two jaws 1, 2, Fig. 5, shaped at their lower ends to bend the wire 3 round the fixed former H, to make the eye of the button. The slotted plate j holds the wire in position over the former H. When the rod G descends, the jaws 1, 2 press the wire over the former, and the jaw 1 cuts off the wire. Projections 4, 5 on the jaws then come in contact with fixed projections 6, 7, forcing the jaws together and forming the eye, as shown in Fig. 5. The jaws project through a slot in the plate I, and force the ends of the eye into the plastic material contained in the mould K1, on the rod J pivoted to the lever F. The mould K1, in which the heated glass is placed, presses against the underside of the plate I, and the edge of the mould shears off excess of glass. When the rods G, J recede, the button is left hanging by the eye on the former H. The wire is fed into the machine by two rollers, one of which is mounted on the shaft k, which is rotated intermittently by the ratchet n and pawl o on the wheel N, gearing with the toothed segment M1, connected by the rod M with the lever E. The pin l on the wheel N engages the hooked end of the arm r, which rotates the plate I, to remove the finished button from the former H, and then returns the plate to its former position. The machine may be arranged to make a number of buttons at the same time.

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Patent Abridgment 1866 473

473. Newton, H. E., [Jaubert, L.]. Feb. 14.

Making lenses. — Small spherical lenses are made by forcing fused glass by fluid pressure through a small aperture o, Fig. 23. For the purpose of forming lenticular masses of glass built up of layers of, it may be, different optical properties, the apparatus shown at Fig. 24 is employed. Over a gas blowpipe c, a cup g of platinum or fireclay is mounted on the upper end of a shaft B driven by a pulley P. A lump of glass is placed in the cup g and then, whilst in a liquid state, it is rotated until it assumed the desired shape. A second or more lumps of different glasses are then treated in the same way. The glass is transferred from the furnace to the apparatus by means of a platinum brush, through the handle of which gases are fed to a burner which keeps the glass in a molten condition. Lenticular masses may also be built up by superposing plates, and putting them into an annealing oven to cause them to adhere. A flux of white sand, minium, and calcined borax may be employed. The optical properties may be made to vary from the centre outwards, by superposing cylindrical sheets, Fig. 31, and then drawing the mass out into a rod. Various substances may be interposed between the sheets.

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Patent Abridgment 1866 797

797. Ashton, R. H. March 17.

Transparencies. — Pictures obtained by the Woodbury photo-relievo process described in Specification No. 2338, A.D. 1864, [Abridgment Class Photography], on paper, glass, porcelain, or other transparent or semi- transparent material, may be tinted by first printing the surface with the desired tints, and afterwards applying the photo-relievo picture. Also, the process may be applied to pictures other than photographs, and a method of combining other figures with the photo-relievo picture is described. In the Woodbury process, coloured gelatine is poured on an intaglio surface, the depression in which corresponds to the light and shade of a photograph, and the paper, glass, or other material is pressed on the surface, squeezing out the superfluous ink, and forming, when stripped from the mould, a picture in varying thicknesses of ink, which soon dries almost flat. The intaglio surface, according to the present invention, may also be formed without the aid of photography, by embossing, or by scraping away the parts of a drawing on wood, and pressing the surface so obtained against a soft metal surface, or by electrotyping, or other process. Surfaces formed by photography may be combined with those formed otherwise, into one moulding surface; also, figures may be combined with the photographic surface by painting them in black on the negative, and printing the colourless part so obtained on the positive, either before or after the Woodbury process, by chromo-lithography. When tinting the pictures, in order that the tints obtained by the chromolithographic printing may register with the picture by the Woodbury process, registering pins project from the mould a, Fig. 1, and pass either through holes in the plate or paper e, or at the side of the plate &c., which is clamped to the mould, until the gelatine is set, by a hinged frame d with hinge f and catch g. Adjusting-screws are provided to adjust the level of the plate carrying the mould a. With glass, porcelain, or other hard surfaces, angle pieces are employed instead of registering pins, and, in every case, similarly-placed marks to act as guides are made in the colour printing surfaces. The colouring may also be done by hand. The gelatine print maybe transferred from one surface to another (coloured) one, by coating the first surface with india-rubber solution, and when nearly dry, applying it to the colour surface. On removing the first surface, preferably paper, after being steeped in water, the gelatine print is left on the coloured surface.

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Patent Abridgment 1866 983

983. Johnson, J. H., [Kunheim, H.]. April 5.

Obtaining metal. — White or semi-transparent glass, similar to enamel, milk, opal, or alabaster glass, is made in the usual way from a mixture of the following ingredients:— Double fluoride of aluminium and sodium, pearlash or soda, sand, chalk, saltpetre, and oxide of manganese.

Patent Abridgment 1866 1159

1159. Biévez, D. April 25.

Annealing. — A furnace or oven for cooling window glass is arranged by the side of the "spreading furnace," from which the glass is introduced into the oven on a movable table. A number of counterbalanced iron frames are arranged transversely to the bed of the oven, and slide vertically in cast-iron slides or grooves in the walls of the oven. The bed A of the oven has transverse recesses to receive the lower bars of the frames, the upper parts of which project beyond the arch of the oven and are connected by a horizontal bar C. Flat iron bars E connected by a cross-piece are arranged longitudinally on grooved rollers contained in chairs placed on the upper surface of lower bars of the frames, the bars E being adapted to enter grooves in the bed of the oven when the frames are in their lowest position. A sheet of glass from the "spreading furnace" is placed on the end of the bed of the oven, which is kept at the required temperature by a small furnace, and remains there until a second sheet is ready. The frames are then raised by means of a lever B at the end of the horizontal bar C, lifting the bars E with the sheet of glass upon them. The bars E are then moved by means of the cross-piece, so as to shift the sheet a distance equal to its own width towards the door. The lever is then reversed, and the frames lowered until the sheet of glass again rests on the bed of the oven, only in its displaced position, when a second sheet is introduced in the oven in the place recently occupied by the first. The same operation is repeated and a third sheet introduced, and so on, until the first sheet arrives at the end of the oven, where, having gradually cooled, it is removed.

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Patent Abridgment 1866 1607

1607. Forrest, J. A. June 13. Drawings to Specification.

Blowing. — Casings for street lamps are made of cylinders or other forms of plain or fluted glass, which are made by blowing, as in the production of sheet glass, but instead of being flattened, are annealed and trimmed while in the cylindrical or other form.

Patent Abridgment 1866 1610

1610. Hall, W. H. and Cooke. J. June 13. Drawings to Specification.

Moulding. — In the manufacture of corrugated, fluted, or scalloped glasses for miners' safety lamps, a hollow plunger is used in the mould and receives the superfluous metal. The glass is afterwards cut or ground at the bottom, and the piece falls out.

Patent Abridgment 1866 1857

1857. Webb, T. G. July 10. [Provisional protection only.]

Finising; shaping. — In manufacturing articles of pressed glass, the pontil, post, or other instrument to which the article to be melted is usually attached is dispensed with, and the article is placed on a supporting plate, mounted on wheels, from which it is run into the furnace. The plate is revolved by ratchet or other gearing from the outside of the furnace. It is also proposed to place the melted article in a mould, in order to restore it to its proper shape, if distorted.

Patent Abridgment 1866 1994

1994. Richardson. J. T. H. Aug. 2.

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Forming vessels of standard capacity; moulding; pressing. — Glasses of uniform capacity, ale or wine glasses or goblets, are moulded in an inverted position in a mould a, which is made in two parts and fitted with a core b of the exact size and shape to which the glass is to be moulded. After the metal has been run into the mould, a plunger d is forced down to give the necessary pressure, to facilitate which the foot is moulded and compressed to a cup-shape form. The stem c of the glass is made shorter and thicker than usual, and, when the glass is removed from the mould, the stem is drawn out and the foot is flattened. Vessels of standard capacity may, however, be formed in ordinary moulds in an upright position, by using a plunger, such as d, which is formed with a shoulder e, the cylindrical part of the plunger fitting in a hole bored through the upper part of the mould.

Patent Abridgment 1866 2026

2026. Newton, W. E., [Baker, H. M., Poole, J. H., and
Stace, W. R.]. Aug. 6.

Materials. — Consists in making insoluble potassium or sodium silicates for the manufacture of glass, by fusing together sand and the corresponding metallic nitrate or sulphate.

Patent Abridgment 1866 2210

2210. Gould, W, Aug. 28. Drawings to Specification.

Transparencies. — Coloured "slides" or "shades" of glass, gauze, or other fabrics are adjustably fixed so as to illuminate objects viewed in stereoscopic and similar instruments, or photographic and other pictures placed in conservatories, windows, &c.

Patent Abridgment 1866 2399
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2399. Stocker, A. S. Sept. 18.

Bottle necks, making. — The ring a is blown in a mould simultaneously with the whole bottle, and is of a slightly conical shape suitable for the reception and retention of the cork rings described in Specification No. 11,228, A.D. 1846. The rough edges are rubbed off on a stone. The extreme edge of the neck may be slightly expanded.

Patent Abridgment 1866 2438

2438. Fleetwood, D. J. Sept. 22.
[Provisional protection only.]

Moulding. — Glass spoons and forks are formed by means of a die. In order that different monograms or crests may be printed on the articles, the crests or designs are sunk in plugs, any one of which can be inserted in a recess formed in the die.

Patent Abridgment 1866 2593

2593. Bousfield, G. T. [Hofmann, P. W.]. Oct. 8.

Materials. — Manganese dioxide, as well as a mixture of oxide and sulphate of manganese, which have been recovered from chlorine still liquors and other solutions containing manganese, are employed in the manufacture of glass. The said liquors are treated with alkali waste, producing manganese sulphide, either alone or mixed with sulphur, and on roasting this precipitate, a residue containing oxide and sulphate of manganese is left. The residue, when heated with sodium nitrate in closed vessels, yields a mixture of manganese dioxide and sodium sulphate, which are separated by lixiviation with water.

Patent Abridgment 1866 2665

2665. Newman, P. H. Oct. 15. {Provisional protection only.}

Transparencies. — Relates to the construction of transparencies for coloured glass windows, window blinds, lamps, and clock faces, and consists in securing pieces of coloured glass to a backing of plain or ground glass by means of sodium silicate or gum. The spaces are filled in with Portland or other cement, and a facing-glass, ornamented with gilding or opaque colours to correspond with the cement, is placed over the whole. The coloured glass may be cemented to the facing to which the opaque ornamentation is applied, the backing being dispensed with.

Patent Abridgment 1866 3002

3002. Grüne, W. Nov. 15.

Ornamenting. — Relates to photographic and chemical, processes for reproducing engravings, lithographs, drawings, woodcuts, pictures, and designs in gold, silver, platinum, or other metals on porcelain, glass, gold, silver, and other metal surfaces. A picture or design is produced on a negative plate and blackened by platinum chloride, and is then dried, covered with a flux, and annealed. A picture film is obtained from this negative by pouring iodized collodion over its picture side, submitting it to the action of silver nitrate solution, placing it in a frame, and exposing it to light transmitted through the negative. The plate is then placed in a solution of iron sulphate and sulphuric acid; the portions acted upon by light appear in silver, and the plate is washed, fixed by sodium hyposulphite, and again washed. The picture film is separated from the negative by immersion in water containing glycerine, and is treated with chloride of gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, or other metallic salts, according to the colour it is to receive. The picture is then bathed in a solution which will colour it by impregnation of the matter of the film; by annealing it afterwards, various combinations in different metals may be obtained. The film is transferred to the. object to be decorated, by immersing the film and the article together in a large vessel filled with a mixture of water and glycerine. The film is applied to the surface by means of a hair pencil; a coat of flux is then laid on, and the article is annealed, burnished, and polished in the usual way.